Breakdown Of The Roman Republican Government After free essay sample

287Bc Essay, Research Paper Senate- The Senate was the true place of power in Rome. Senators were appointed for life, and vote was done by senior status. The Senators were responsible for signing Torahs which the general assemblies had passed, along with providing authorities assignments and allowing authorities financess. The Senate besides voted on other issues which concerned the metropolis, and provided counsel. Because they held their places for life, the Senators held huge power, and the other authorities leaders would reasonably much do as they willed. Consuls- The Romans elected two consuls as main executives every twelvemonth who each had the ability to blackball the other. These consuls were the commanding officers of the ground forces, acted as Judgess, and summoned and proposed measures to the comitia centuriata. Comitia Centuriata- The comitia centuriata was a popular assembly which catered to the interested of the wealthy. Its system of voting revolved around a category construction where the wealthiest of citizens constituted a close bulk, and the poorer classes seldom got an existent ballot. It had the power to name magistrates and base on balls statute law. the comitia besides served a judicial intent. Plebian Council- The Plebian council was besides a council dominated by affluent landholders. The vote of the council was set up in folks that were divvied into metropolis and rural, and the ballots were distributed so that the folk of big landholders were given a much larger ballot ( 31 ) than at that place fellow citizens in the metropolis ( 4 ) . The Plebian council had the ability to base on balls statute law, elite magistrates, and serve in judicial affairs . Censors-There were two censors who were elected every five old ages by the comitia centuriata, and served for 18 months. They were responsible for finding the revenue enhancement liability, military eligibility, and folk assignments of the people. They could besides add or take people from the Senate, and arrange public contracts and pass public financess. Praetors- There were 2 or more pretors, and the office was unfastened to patricians. One pretor was in charge of judicial affairs inside the metropolis. The other pretors were in charge of keeping Roman authorization in conquered lands. The Plebian Aedileship- There were two Aediles. They were in charge of things which would consequence the day-to-day life of an mean citizen, such as running the plebian? s exchequer, patroling the markets, administrating weights and steps, and supervising nutrient and H2O supplies. Plebian Tribal Council- The tribal council reorganized the vote in the Plebian council. It gave one ballot to each folk since non all husbandmans could acquire into town to vote. This council was still slanted to the wealthy blue land proprietors. Law of 12 Tables- The Torahs on the 12 tabular arraies, were codifications of the common Torahs bing about 450 BC They were written down on the tabular arraies by the decemvirs. The Torahs basically gave in composing equality to all citizens under the jurisprudence. Quaestors- There were four Quaestors. Two of the four Quaestors remained in the metropolis and kept up the public exchequer and went after revenue enhancement wrongdoers. The other two Quaestors followed the consuls to to the battleground and were in charge of the supplies and the soldiers pay.

Smoking Is a Silent Killer Essays

Smoking  Is a Silent Killer Essays Smoking  Is a Silent Killer Essay Smoking  Is a Silent Killer Essay Smoking  Is a Silent Killer Researchers claim that smoking is detrimental to memory . Prolonged heavy nicotine use has a negative effect on day-to-day memory, according to research. Researchers from five universities asked smokers and non-smokers to rate their long-term memory, for example remembering to send birthday cards. They found that smoking significantly impaired memory, with heavy smokers reporting the most errors. The survey was carried out by teams from Newcastle, Wales, North Umbria, Westminster and Teesside universities. The survey nvolved more than 700 people. Researcher Dr Tom Heffernan, of the human cognitive neuroscience unit at North Umbria University, also tested everyday memory including remembering where people had put things. The teams also took into consideration how much people smoked a heavy smoker was classed as having more than 15 cigarettes a week and alight smoker between one and four cigarettes a week. Dr Heffernan said: The result of the study reveal ed that smokers reported more errors in their long-term memory than non-smokers with an additional ifference between non-smokers and heavy smokers. There was also a significant detrimental effect of cigarette use on everyday memory function. For example a typical heavy smoker reported 22% more memory-related problems than a non smoker and around 12% more problems than those who smoked only relatively a small number of cigarettes It is concluded that chronic, heavy smoking is associated with impairments in everyday memory, although the precise nature of the deficits are as yet unknown.

Mineral and Rocks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mineral and Rocks - Essay Example There is one universal physical property which is common in all the minerals i.e. all the minerals exist in solid form in nature and cannot be in the form of liquids. Moreover minerals have come into existence by the natural activities and the changes which took place during the evolution of the planet earth and human activities have no involvement in the creation of minerals, â€Å"Earth Science: A Scientific History of the Solid Earth†, Michael Allaby (2009). Chemical formulas depict the chemical composition of the chemical compounds and minerals are also classified as chemical compounds. The structure of most of the minerals falls under the category of the crystalline structured solids. The elements in minerals are arranged as crystals. According to â€Å"Earth Science: A Scientific History of the Solid Earth†, Michael Allaby (2009), almost all of the minerals are inorganic in nature. One of the examples of minerals is common salt (sodium chloride). Common salt has a ll the characteristics which have been identified for a mineral. Being solid, composed of chemical compounds, it is inorganic. Moreover common salt is created as a result of natural phenomena and its structure is crystallized. The chemical association of silicon and oxygen yields silicate minerals. These silicate minerals are then added on by other elements which give particular properties to the silicates. According to the elements and crystals which join the silicate minerals are iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na), and calcium (Ca). The structure of silicate minerals is the basis of their classification in different groups. The different silicate groups include Micas, Quartz, Amphibole group, Olivine group and Pyroxene group. Micas and Quartz contain Biotite and Muscovite groups. Moreover Feldspars which make half of the Earth crust are also silicate minerals and are further classified as Potassium Feldspar and Plagioclase. The mineral rocks have been classified into three basic groups on the basis of their origin; these groups are sedimentary rocks, igneous rocks, and metamorphic rocks. Certain natural processes resulted in the formation of these rocks. Magma is a molten material which is present deep inside the Earth and is molten because of the high temperatures inside the Earth. Magma is the source of formation of the igneous rocks which are formed as a result to freezing and thawing of the Magma. The molten material is pushed upward to the ground and is cooled by the natural processes. After cooling the resultant solid material is known as igneous rocks. The second type of rocks is the sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks as the name signifies are layered rocks with different layers of materials lying closely over each other resulting into a rock solid material known as sedimentary rocks. The weathering processes which includes erosion deposited various minerals from one place to other, these layers of minerals resulted into the forma tion of sedimentary rocks. When the same sedimentary rocks and igneous rocks are subjected to conditions of high temperature and pressure their structure changes somewhat and yield another category of rocks which is known as metamorphic rocks â€Å"Petrology: Igneous, Metamorphic and Sedimentary†, Harvey Blatt, Robert Tracy, Edward Owens (2006). The three categories of the mineral rocks h